Hierarchical Micro/Nano-Structured Biomaterials for Wound Healing

Wounds have been an attractive research object in the biomedical field because of their high incidence and universality. Compared with traditional wound dressings such as gauze with a simple composition, hierarchical biomaterials with characteristics of micro/nano structure or micro/nano contents have been widely studied in view of the challenge in wound healing. In particular, a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing hierarchical biomaterials with specific curative features, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and oxygen supply, which enable them to greatly promote wound healing. In this paper, the hierarchical biomaterials with a micro/nano structure for wound treatment are reviewed. After introducing the wound healing mechanism and key obstacles, the fabrication strategies and specific characteristics of the hierarchical biomaterials are discussed and summarized in detail. The emphasis is put on their application in different kinds of wounds. Finally, the future development prospects and direction of hierarchical biomaterials in the field of wound treatment are also addressed.