Research on gamma globulin unresponsive Kawasaki disease: A review

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children. Treating nonresponding KD with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) presents numerous challenges. This article comprehensively reviews the basic theory, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, treatment strategies, disputes and challenges, historical evolution and current situation, and future research directions of immunoglobulin unresponsive KD. In terms of basic theory, the epidemiological characteristics of KD, the mechanism of IVIG action, and the pathophysiological mechanism of the nonresponsive type are elaborated. In the clinical manifestation and diagnosis section, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and imaging applications are analyzed. The treatment strategy encompasses drug, nondrug and individualized therapy. Controversies and challenges focus on diagnostic difficulties, treatment disputes, and long-term prognosis research. The historical evolution and current situation review the changes in treatment strategies and the current state of affairs. Future research directions anticipate the role of new therapeutic drug research and development, breakthroughs in basic research, and international cooperation, aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for research and clinical practice in this field.