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Parallel paths: A narrative review exploring autism and its co-occurring conditions

Hasan Hasan1,2, Randi Hagerman3, Daphne S Say4,5

  • 1Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
|November 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Autistic children frequently have co-occurring conditions (CCs) impacting health and behavior. Early identification and management by primary care providers (PCPs) are crucial for improving outcomes and addressing unmet needs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Healthcare
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence.
  • Autistic children experience higher rates of co-occurring conditions (CCs) compared to neurotypical peers.
  • These CCs encompass medical, psychiatric, and behavioral issues, necessitating specialized care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide primary care providers (PCPs) with a concise overview of common CCs in autistic children.
  • To outline effective strategies for the early identification of these CCs.
  • To support PCPs in delivering comprehensive and responsive care to autistic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Expert panel review of key literature and research evidence.
  • Synthesis of existing clinical trial outcomes.
  • Integration of clinical expertise from specialists in autistic children's care.

Main Results:

  • Autistic children exhibit significantly higher rates of both medical and mental health conditions.
  • Despite increased healthcare use, many autistic individuals report unmet healthcare needs.
  • Co-occurring conditions can negatively affect behavior, functioning, and well-being but are often treatable when identified early.

Conclusions:

  • Timely recognition and management of CCs are essential for improving the health and well-being of autistic children.
  • Enhanced knowledge and early identification strategies empower PCPs to provide better care.
  • Addressing CCs is critical for improving overall outcomes for autistic children and their families.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderComorbidityDelivery of health careNeurodevelopmental disordersPrimary healthcare

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