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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy
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Nanoscale Analysis beyond Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy: Molecular Perspectives on Oncology and

Carlos Marcuello1,2, KeeSiang Lim3, Giacomo Nisini4,5

  • 1Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50018 Spain.

Small Science
|November 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) advances nanobiomedicine by revealing hidden molecular processes in cancer and neurodegeneration. This review highlights AFM

Area of Science:

  • Nanobiomedicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nanobiomedicine offers potential for treating cognitive impairment and cancer by identifying disease biomarkers.
  • Challenges exist in understanding nanoscale molecular mechanisms due to polymorphism and small dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the capabilities of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in characterizing molecular processes in cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • To explore AFM's potential beyond imaging for understanding disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prominent Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) operational modes.
  • Focus on morphological, mechanical, and chemical characterization at the nanoscale.

Main Results:

  • AFM can unravel common and hidden properties of transient, nanosized molecular processes.
  • Highlights AFM's utility in characterizing molecular aspects of cancer and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • AFM offers significant advantages over other techniques for nanobiomedicine.
  • Outlines future research directions for AFM in cancer and neurodegeneration studies.
Keywords:
amyloidogenic proteinsatomic force microscopybiomolecular processescancer diseasesforce spectroscopynano‐chemical analysisneurodegeneration

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