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Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

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Bicontinuous Interconnected Porous Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

Aihik Banerjee¹, Anjana Khanal², Prince D Okoro¹

¹Department of Bioengineering University of California, Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States.

|November 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel biomaterial scaffold, BIPORES, offers interconnected porosity crucial for tissue engineering. This advanced material supports cell growth and differentiation, paving the way for organ regeneration.

Keywords:

bicontinuous materials human induced pluripotent stem cells interconnected porosity polyethylene glycol diacrylate solvent transfer‐induced phase separation

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Biomaterials mimicking the extracellular matrix are essential for tissue engineering.
Scaffolds require interconnected porosity for nutrient and waste exchange.
Current biomaterials often lack optimal microenvironments for cell functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel biomaterial with bicontinuous interconnected porosity.
To create a platform for enhanced cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.
To investigate the role of porosity and surface topography in tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion (BIJEL)-Integrated PORous Engineered System (BIPORES) using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA).
Controlled phase separation and nanoparticle-mediated interfacial stabilization.
Functional validation using human mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts).

Main Results:

BIPORES scaffolds exhibit unique bicontinuous interconnected porosity and surface topography.
Outstanding cell attachment, growth, proliferation, and differentiation were observed within BIPORES.
The material successfully supported tissue-scale cell growth.

Conclusions:

BIPORES biomaterials provide an optimal microenvironment for cell functions.
Bicontinuous interconnected porosity with negative Gaussian curvature is key for organ-scale tissue engineering.
This novel system holds significant potential for tissue regeneration applications.