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Bioremediation

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.

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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Chip-based Three-dimensional Cell Culture in Perfused Micro-bioreactors

Chip-based Three-dimensional Cell Culture in Perfused Micro-bioreactors

Published on: May 21, 2008

3D Bioprinted Engineered Living Microreactors for Continuous Organophosphorus Compound Degradation.

Mark R Shannon^1,2, Graham J Day¹, Hermes Bloomfield-Gadêlha^3,4

¹School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TD UK.

|November 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered living materials (ELMs) offer sustainable solutions for environmental issues. This study details a 3D bioprinted ELM bioreactor using engineered bacteria for efficient detoxification of harmful compounds.

Keywords:

3D printing biomaterials bioreactors bioremediation engineered living materials environmental biotechnology pesticides

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Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Environmental Science
Materials Science

Background:

Engineered living materials (ELMs) leverage biological components for advanced functionalities.
3D bioprinting enables the creation of complex structures for hosting microbial communities.
ELMs hold potential for environmental remediation and green energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and fabricate a 3D bioprinted microbial ELM flow-bioreactor.
To demonstrate the bioreactor's capability for cyclic detoxification of organophosphorus compounds.
To analyze mass transfer kinetics for optimizing bioreactor design.

Main Methods:

Genetic engineering of *Escherichia coli* for phosphotriesterase expression.
3D bioprinting to create a self-supporting ELM structure.
Inducible enzyme expression for targeted detoxification.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for kinetic data analysis.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of a metabolically active ELM bioreactor.
Demonstrated cyclic detoxification of organophosphorus compounds.
Identification of spatiotemporal features in mass transfer kinetics via PCA.
Insights into design parameters for efficient catalytic microbial ELM bioreactors.

Conclusions:

3D bioprinted ELM bioreactors are effective for microbial detoxification.
Advanced manufacturing combined with synthetic biology offers novel environmental solutions.
Kinetic analysis provides crucial data for optimizing ELM bioreactor performance.