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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Beyond the optic disc: Investigating gender-based differences in optic neuritis.

Marco Zeppieri^1,2, Simonetta Gaia Nicolosi³, Fabiana D'Esposito^4,5

¹Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.

World Journal of Clinical Cases

|November 19, 2025

Summary

Biological sex significantly impacts optic neuritis (ON), a demyelinating optic nerve disorder. Women are more susceptible, but men experience faster neuro-axonal loss, necessitating gender-tailored management strategies.

Keywords:

Gender differences Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Optic nerve Optic neuritis

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Ophthalmology
Sex Differences in Medicine

Background:

Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory optic nerve demyelination.
ON is linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) and antibody-mediated disorders like AQP4-NMOSD.
Biological sex influences ON susceptibility, presentation, and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the impact of biological sex on optic neuritis.
To explore sex-specific patterns across biological and psychosocial factors.
To provide a resource for gender-tailored ON management.

Main Methods:

Extensive literature analysis of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Synthesis of data on sex-specific patterns in ON.
Review of biological and psychosocial determinants.

Main Results:

Women experience ON more frequently (female-to-male ratios 3:1 to 9:1).
Men with ON show more rapid irreversible neuro-axonal loss.
Sex-specific patterns involve genetics, hormones, metabolism, and psychosocial factors.

Conclusions:

Biological sex is a critical factor in ON.
Understanding sex differences is vital for effective ON management.
This review highlights the need for gender-tailored approaches in ON care and research.