The Multifaceted Ganzfeld at the Crossroad Between Visual Perception and Consciousness: Behavioral, Neural and...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychology
• Perception

Background:

• Ganzfeld stimuli, homogeneous visual fields, are used to study perception and altered states of consciousness (ASCs).
• Previous research has largely separated the study of perceptual phenomena from emotional subjective experiences in Ganzfeld environments.
• The multifaceted nature of Ganzfeld experiences, including emotional and bodily aspects, requires a comprehensive investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the perceptual, phenomenal, and emotional experiences within Ganzfeld environments.
• To integrate behavioral (eye-tracking), neural (EEG), and qualitative/quantitative assessments for a holistic understanding.
• To identify cognitive processing types and neural correlates associated with Ganzfeld-induced states.

Main Methods:

• Multi-method approach combining eye-tracking, electroencephalography (EEG), interviews, and questionnaires.
• Behavioral analysis of eye movements and subjective reports during Ganzfeld exposure.
• Neural analysis focusing on EEG activity, particularly theta and alpha bands, in relation to perceptual events.

Main Results:

• Ganzfeld spaces reliably induce ASCs, immersive full-body experiences, and significant bodily sensations.
• Two cognitive processing types were identified: perceptually grounded (inward/outward focus) and abstract (introspective, meditative).
• Perceptual decays correlated with decreased eye movements, delayed reporting (mind blanking), increased theta activity, and increased alpha activity.

Conclusions:

• Ganzfeld experiences are complex, encompassing ASCs, bodily sensations, and distinct cognitive processing styles.
• Perceptual decays in Ganzfeld environments show a potential link to mind blanking, supported by behavioral and neural findings.
• Increased alpha activity during decays suggests attenuated sensory processing and reduced external engagement, akin to relaxation states.