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Possible Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in Children with Acute Viral Hepatitis in a Low-Middle-Income Country

Rubaiyat Alam1, Kaniz Fathema2, Khan Lamia Nahid1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
|November 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis A is the primary cause of acute viral hepatitis in children, with most cases recovering well. However, certain clinical and biochemical indicators may predict mortality, particularly in boys.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a significant concern in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding the etiological spectrum and clinical outcomes of AVH is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes, clinical presentations, and biochemical profiles of children with AVH.
  • To identify predictors of mortality in pediatric AVH cases.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 158 children (≤18 years) with AVH symptoms was conducted.
  • Data collection included comprehensive history, physical examination, investigations, and outcome monitoring.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis A was the most frequent cause (76.6%) of AVH.
  • The overall mortality rate was 6.3%, with higher rates observed in boys.
  • Splenomegaly, ascites, bleeding, encephalopathy, acute liver failure, elevated bilirubin, prolonged PT/INR, and low albumin were associated with mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis A virus is the leading cause of AVH in children, generally with a good prognosis.
  • Specific clinical signs and biochemical markers can predict mortality in pediatric AVH.
  • Early recognition of these predictors is vital for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
Childrenlow-income countrymortalitypredictorviral hepatitis

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