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Related Concept Videos

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry

1.4K
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

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Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...
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Voltammetry: Stripping Methods01:13

Voltammetry: Stripping Methods

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Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
ASV is used to determine metals and metalloids at trace levels. It involves two steps: deposition and stripping. First, a negative potential is applied to the...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Pulse Voltammetry01:17

Voltammetric Techniques: Pulse Voltammetry

1.3K
Differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) is a type of voltammetry that involves applying a series of voltage pulses to an electrochemical cell while measuring the resulting current. In DPV, the differential pulse or small potential pulses are superimposed on a linear potential sweep. The magnitude of these pulses is typically small, often in the millivolt range. Each voltage pulse lasts a short duration, usually in the order of a few milliseconds, and is applied at regular intervals along the...
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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

1.8K
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Presynaptic Dopamine Dynamics in Striatal Brain Slices with Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry
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Thin-Film Reference Electrodes for Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry.

Yongli Qi1, Jaehyeon Ryu1, Dongyeol Jang1

  • 1Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) electrodes show promise as miniaturized reference electrodes (REs) for electrochemical sensing. They offer stable potential and high reproducibility for neurotransmitter detection, comparable to traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes.

Keywords:
Thin-filmelectrochemical sensorfast-scan cyclic voltammetryneurotransmittersreference electrode

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In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biosensors

Background:

  • Reference electrodes (REs) are vital for stable potential standards in electrochemical sensing.
  • Conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes face limitations in biocompatibility and miniaturization for human applications.
  • Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) requires reliable REs for real-time neurotransmitter detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thin-film electrodes (Au, Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Pt-Ir) as potential replacements for Ag/AgCl REs in FSCV.
  • To assess the performance of miniaturized Pt-Ir electrodes for dopamine (DA) sensing.
  • To determine the suitability of Pt-Ir REs in varying pH conditions and in the presence of biofouling agents.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of thin-film electrodes (Au, Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Pt-Ir).
  • Performance evaluation using dopamine (DA) as a model analyte via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV).
  • Assessment of electrode stability, potential drift, reproducibility, and performance under different pH and biofouling conditions.

Main Results:

  • Pt-Ir electrodes demonstrated stable potential, low drift, and high reproducibility for FSCV.
  • Miniaturized Pt-Ir electrodes (0.1 mm × 0.1 mm) performed effectively in DA sensing.
  • Pt-Ir REs exhibited performance comparable to Ag/AgCl electrodes across tested pH levels and biofouling scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Pt-Ir thin-film electrodes are a promising alternative to Ag/AgCl REs for FSCV.
  • Miniaturized Pt-Ir REs offer a viable solution for advanced electrochemical sensing applications.
  • Pt-Ir electrodes have strong potential for integration into preclinical and clinical miniaturized electrochemical sensors.