Volumetric evaluation of the maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography

Volumetric evaluation of the maxillary sinus is a crucial step in preoperative planning for various dental and maxillofacial procedures. Multiple anatomical and demographic factors, such as age, sex, and nasal septum deviation, are known to influence sinus morphology. While previous studies have examined these factors individually, a comprehensive analysis integrating their collective impact on sinus volume is still needed. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a valuable tool for accurate three-dimensional assessment, enabling clinicians to identify anatomical variations and plan for safer surgical interventions.

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the volumetric changes of the maxillary sinus using CBCT and to determine the independent and collective influence of age, sex, nasal septum deviation, and tooth loss on sinus volume.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on CBCT scans of 120 patients (mean age: 33.6 ± 16.8 years; 60 males, 60 females). The scans were standardized and evaluated by an experienced oral radiologist on a calibrated monitor. Maxillary sinus volumes were measured using 3D Slicer software, with specific attention to the field of view (FOV) and voxel size of the scans. Associations between sinus volume and demographic or anatomical factors were assessed using correlation and regression analyses.

The mean sinus volumes were 14.26 cm³ (SD: 5.66) on the right and 14.44 cm³ (SD: 5.40) on the left side (p = 0.414). Age was negatively correlated with sinus volume (r = - 0.31, p < 0.01), and males had significantly greater volumes than females (p < 0.05). Nasal septal deviation was a significant independent predictor in regression analysis (β = +1257.0, p = 0.030). The final model explained 17.9% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.150).

Maxillary sinus volume is significantly influenced by age, sex, and nasal septal deviation, with males exhibiting larger volumes and age showing a negative correlation. These findings underscore the importance of accurate CBCT-based volumetric assessment for personalized surgical planning, particularly in cases involving nasal septum deviation.