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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

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CAR T Cell Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Michael Freeley¹

¹School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. Michael.Freeley@dcu.ie.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

|November 19, 2025

Summary

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy shows promise for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Early studies in nine patients with seropositive disease achieved drug-free remission by targeting B cells.

Keywords:

BCMA CAR T cells CD19 Inflammation Rheumatoid arthritis

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Therapy
Rheumatology

Background:

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed B cell malignancies treatment.
Emerging evidence suggests CAR T cell therapy's potential in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evidence on CAR T cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
To analyze case studies and preclinical research for RA treatment.

Main Methods:

Analysis of ten rheumatoid arthritis patient case studies treated with CAR T cells targeting CD19/CD20 or BCMA.
Review of in-vitro and animal model studies on engineered T cell subsets for RA.

Main Results:

Nine of ten seropositive RA patients achieved remarkable responses, including B cell depletion, reduced autoantibodies, and drug-free remission.
One seronegative patient initially responded but later relapsed.
Preclinical studies explore targeting autoreactive B cells, T cells, or fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

CAR T cell therapy demonstrates significant promise for refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
Further research and large clinical trials are essential to validate efficacy and safety.