Interleukin-4-loaded calcium alginate composite granules for hemostasis and alveolar bone regeneration after tooth...

Tooth extraction often leads to postoperative bleeding and alveolar bone loss, complicating the healing process. This study aimed to develop interleukin-4 (IL-4)-loaded calcium alginate composite granules (CA@IL-4) as a dual-functional biomaterial to synergistically address these challenges by promoting both hemostasis and bone regeneration.

The CA@IL-4 composite granules were successfully synthesized and characterized. Their biocompatibility and structural stability were evaluated in vitro. The efficacy of the granules was further investigated in a rat tooth extraction model, where hemostatic performance (bleeding time and blood loss) and regenerative capacity were assessed.

The synthesized CA@IL-4 material exhibited excellent biocompatibility and stability. In the animal model, CA@IL-4 granules achieved rapid hemostasis, significantly reducing both bleeding time and blood loss compared to the control. Micro-computed tomography and histological analyses after 28 days of healing confirmed that the CA@IL-4 group markedly enhanced alveolar bone regeneration, demonstrating superior bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular architecture compared to the CA-only and untreated groups.

The CA@IL-4 composite granule is a promising dual-functional biomaterial that effectively promotes hemostasis and enhances bone regeneration, offering a potent strategy for optimal post-extraction socket management.