Generational mutation patterns in a honey bee Deformed wing virus via infectious clones

Area of Science:

• Apiculture
• Virology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Honey bee colony losses remain high, with Deformed wing virus (DWV) identified as a significant driver.
• Molecular studies have elucidated the DWV genome, its high mutation rate, and the resulting quasi-species diversity, alongside the development of DWV clones for tracking viral dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To track the mutational progression of a Deformed wing virus (DWV) clone in comparison to its wild-type source.
• To investigate viral dynamics within a cloned system across multiple generations and host genetic backgrounds.

Main Methods:

• Amplicon sequencing of the viral protein VP2 was employed to analyze mutations.
• DWV inocula were serially passaged through three generations of honey bee pupae, with some groups cross-fostered.
• Mutational analysis included comparing mutation types, abundance, and locations between cloned and wild-type strains.

Main Results:

• Limited mutational hotspots were identified, predominantly characterized by silent mutations in the wild-type strains during the final generation.
• No significant variations in mutation types, cross-fostering, or host genetics interactions were observed.
• The study provides initial insights into viral dynamics within a cloned DWV system.

Conclusions:

• The findings suggest that specific mutational hotspots, particularly silent mutations in wild-type strains, play a role in Deformed wing virus (DWV) dynamics.
• This research offers a foundation for understanding viral evolution in honey bees and developing targeted therapeutics.
• Further investigation into cloned viral systems can enhance strategies for improving honey bee health.