[Retractions in biomedical research (2000-present): current status]

Since the early 2000s, retractions of articles in biomedical research have increased exponentially, revealing growing structural tensions within the global scientific system. This article offers a critical synthesis of retractions occurring between 2000 and 2025, based on bibliometric data and socio-institutional analyses. It highlights differentiated geographical dynamics, the institutionalization of fraud, increased editorial responsibility, and typical profiles of retracted authors- often male, hyper-productive, and poorly supervised. By distinguishing between honest error and misconduct, the analysis shows that the majority of retractions are linked to serious violations (fraud, plagiarism, manipulation). Although scientific self-correction mechanisms have been strengthened, they remain imperfect, particularly considering the continued citation of retracted articles. This study underscores the urgent need to rethink academic evaluation criteria, to strengthen a culture of scientific integrity, and to establish more rigorous editorial governance. Retractions, far from being mere anomalies, emerge as systemic indicators calling for a profound reform of scientific publishing practices.