Exploring Primary Care Patients' Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence: Systematic Literature Review and...

Area of Science:

• Healthcare technology
• Medical informatics
• Patient-centered care

Background:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits in healthcare, such as reducing physician workload and enhancing patient interaction.
• The rise of large language models (LLMs) has increased interest in AI within primary care.
• Patient concerns regarding ethical implications and AI use in primary care necessitate understanding their perspectives for effective integration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize qualitative research on primary care patients' perspectives on AI, including LLMs.
• To identify key themes and concerns from patients regarding AI in primary care settings.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
• Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize findings from eligible qualitative studies.
• Searches were performed across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO) up to February 2024.

Main Results:

• Six qualitative studies involving 170 patients from three countries were included.
• Three emergent themes: AI system interactions, responsible AI implementation, and training for physicians and AI.
• Patients recognized AI benefits but stressed the need for clinician oversight, safety protocols, and patient autonomy.

Conclusions:

• Understanding patient perspectives is crucial for AI integration in primary care.
• A significant research gap exists regarding patient views on LLMs in primary care.
• Further research is recommended to explore patient perspectives across diverse international contexts.