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Development of a Bariatric Surgery Specific Artificial Intelligence Large Language Model: BariatricSurgeryGPT.

Berk B Ozmen1, Ibrahim Berber2, Jerry T Dang3

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Surgical Innovation
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new AI tool, BariatricSurgeryGPT, was developed by fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) with bariatric surgery research. This specialized LLM provides more accurate responses for clinical applications in bariatric surgery.

Keywords:
GPT-2artificial intelligencebariatric surgeryclinical decision supportevidence-based medicinegenerative AIlarge language modelssurgical education

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Informatics
  • Surgical Research

Background:

  • Commercially available large language models (LLMs) possess broad capabilities but lack clinical domain specificity.
  • General LLMs exhibit limitations in reliability for specialized medical applications like bariatric surgery.
  • There is a need for AI tools with enhanced accuracy and clinical relevance in bariatric surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate BariatricSurgeryGPT, a fine-tuned LLM for bariatric surgery.
  • To improve the accuracy and clinical relevance of LLM responses to bariatric surgery questions.
  • To assess the performance of a domain-specific LLM against a baseline model.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 8764 bariatric surgery research abstracts from PubMed (2020-2024).
  • Preprocessed and tokenized abstracts to fine-tune a GPT-2 model using PyTorch and HuggingFace.
  • Evaluated model performance using BLEU, METEOR, and ROUGE-1 scores on 20 clinical questions across nine temperature settings.

Main Results:

  • BariatricSurgeryGPT showed consistent improvements over the baseline GPT-2 model.
  • Achieved a 12.8% improvement in BLEU score (0.165 vs 0.147).
  • Demonstrated significant gains in METEOR (8.2% improvement, 0.633) and ROUGE-1 (9.7% improvement, 0.267) scores.

Conclusions:

  • BariatricSurgeryGPT is the first domain-specific LLM for bariatric surgery, proving the feasibility of specialty-specific AI.
  • The fine-tuned model offers enhanced precision, recall, and semantic relevance for bariatric surgery content.
  • Potential applications include surgical education, patient communication, and clinical decision support.