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[Examining the origin and evolution of 'Jiao Chang'].

H M Wei1, M Hong1

  • 1China Institute for History of Chinese Medicine and Medical Literature, CACMS, Beijing 100700, China.

Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi (Beijing, China : 1980)
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Jiao Chang, a historical disease, involves abnormal passages between urinary, reproductive, and digestive tracts. Modern understanding links it to fistulas, often occurring postpartum.

Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Philology
  • Historiography

Background:

  • Jiao Chang's conceptual understanding has been inconsistent throughout medical history.
  • The disease's definition evolved from symptom descriptions to specific pathological causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically examine the origin and evolution of Jiao Chang's connotation.
  • To clarify the historical understanding and modern classification of Jiao Chang.

Main Methods:

  • Philological analysis of ancient and contemporary medical texts.
  • Historiographical examination of the disease's development.
  • Conceptual history to trace the evolution of Jiao Chang's meaning.

Main Results:

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  • Jiao Chang originated from descriptions of perineal symptoms and abnormal discharge.
  • The disease was named in the Yuan Dynasty, characterized by fecal-urinary translocation, especially postpartum.
  • It is now understood as rectourethral, rectovesical, or rectovaginal fistulas.

    • Conclusions:

    • Jiao Chang historically refers to fecal matter discharging through the urethra or vagina, and urine from the anus.
    • The disease involves fistulas connecting urinary, reproductive, and digestive tracts.
    • Modern medicine aligns Jiao Chang with various fistula conditions, often postpartum.