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Neural Compensation in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Preserves Self-Prioritization in Aging: A Computational Approach.

Yongfa Zhang1, Yang Sun2, Haixu Wang3

  • 1Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults maintain self-prioritization abilities due to preserved evidence accumulation and distinct neural mechanisms. This resilience involves neural maintenance and compensatory brain activity, advancing understanding of cognitive aging.

Keywords:
agingfMRIhierarchical drift diffusion modelneural compensationself-prioritization effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Cognitive aging typically involves widespread decline, but some functions like self-prioritization show resilience.
  • Older adults (OAs) preserve and may enhance their ability to prioritize self-related stimuli compared to young adults (YAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying preserved self-prioritization in older adults.
  • To explore how brain-behavior coupling differs in self-prioritization between OAs and YAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a perceptual matching paradigm combined with drift diffusion modeling (DDM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Analyzed decision thresholds, non-decision processes, and evidence accumulation using DDM.
  • Examined neural activity in posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), primary visual cortex (V1), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and other regions.

Main Results:

  • OAs exhibited slower responses due to conservative decision thresholds and prolonged non-decision processes, but intact evidence accumulation for self-prioritization.
  • Self-other discrimination was age-invariant, mediated by increased bilateral pSTS and decreased V1 activity.
  • OAs showed stronger brain-behavior coupling for self-prioritization in vmPFC, anterior cingulate cortex, and temporal pole.

Conclusions:

  • Self-prioritization preservation in aging involves dissociable mechanisms: neural maintenance in posterior regions and compensatory prefrontal-temporal recruitment.
  • A dual-pathway model explains preserved self-referential processing, highlighting neural maintenance and compensatory mechanisms.
  • Findings advance mechanistic understanding of preserved self-referential processing in healthy cognitive aging.