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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

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Triplets electrically turn on insulating lanthanide-doped nanoparticles.

Zhongzheng Yu¹, Yunzhou Deng¹, Junzhi Ye^1,2

¹Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

|November 19, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a new method to electrically activate lanthanide-doped insulating nanoparticles (LnNPs) for optoelectronics. This breakthrough enables the creation of novel hybrid devices, like light-emitting diodes (LEDs), for applications in biomedicine and beyond.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Optoelectronics

Background:

Insulating nanomaterials, including lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LnNPs), exhibit desirable luminescence but are difficult to electrically excite under low biases.
Existing limitations prevent the fabrication of optoelectronic devices utilizing the unique optical properties of LnNPs.
LnNPs are known for bright, narrow-linewidth, non-blinking, and non-bleaching emission in the NIR-II range.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish an electrical excitation pathway for generating emission from LnNPs under low operating biases.
To demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating optoelectronic devices, specifically light-emitting diodes (LEDs), using this novel excitation method.
To explore the potential of tunable electroluminescence properties in LnNP-based devices.

Main Methods:

Formation of LnNP@organic molecule nanohybrids.
Utilizing charge recombination on the organic molecule followed by triplet energy transfer (TET) to the LnNP for excitation.
Fabrication and characterization of LnNP-based light-emitting diodes (LnLEDs).

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of electrical excitation of LnNPs under low operating bias (approx. 5 V).
Achieved narrow electroluminescence (EL) spectra and a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) > 0.6% in the NIR-II window.
Demonstrated tunable EL properties by varying lanthanide dopants and their concentrations.

Conclusions:

The developed electrical excitation pathway via nanohybrids enables low-bias operation of LnNPs.
This research opens a new avenue for hybrid optoelectronic devices and electrically driven lanthanide nanomaterial sources.
Potential applications in biomedical imaging and advanced optoelectronics are significantly expanded.