Investigating Key Elements of Peer Support Programs Focused on Recovery and Reentry in Community-Based Organizations:...

Peer support programs are recognized as an evidence-based practice to effectively support individuals in recovery from substance use and reduce recidivism. Peer support is provided by trained individuals with lived experience who guide individuals navigating similar life challenges. Organizations design and structure peer support programs differently; some have developed unique approaches to meet the needs of the individuals they serve. This study provides guidance for implementing peer support programs within community based organizations with a focus on recovery or reentry after incarceration.

The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is part of implementation science which aims to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based strategies into practice. The CFIR was used to guide data collection and analysis. Interviews with 20 individuals were conducted with leaders from 7 community-based organizations that employ peer support specialists. One participant from each organization completed a survey about their organization and provided program-related documents for review. Qualitative data were analyzed via MAXQDA and the CFIR rating system was applied to each construct to determine those that strongly influence implementation.

Key elements to program success include sustainable funding, strong leadership, clear reporting structure, impactful interactions between peer mentor and client, and program flexibility. Challenges identified by organizations included a need to hire additional qualified peer mentors, limited availability of training to certify peer mentors, limited career growth for peer mentors, staff burnout, and establishing clear boundaries with clients.

Peer support is an effective way to bridge the gap between clients and providers of healthcare, mental health, or behavioral health services. Organizations must be intentional in developing and structuring their peer support programs. The results of this study offer actionable insights for organizations to implement and sustain peer support programs effectively.