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Risk Factors and Regression of Coronary Aneurysms in Infants With Kawasaki Disease

Yunxia Liu1, Yumao Zhang2, Ying Xie1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Cardiovascular Therapeutics
|November 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants under one year old is linked to a higher risk of coronary aneurysms (CA). Male sex, prolonged fever, delayed IVIG treatment, and elevated CRP are key risk factors for CA development in these young patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical pediatric illness, particularly concerning in infants under one year.
  • Coronary artery aneurysms (CA) are a significant complication of KD, necessitating early identification of risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical characteristics of infants diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.
  • To identify specific risk factors associated with the development of coronary aneurysms in this age group.
  • To evaluate the prognosis and regression patterns of coronary aneurysms based on their size.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of infants (<1 year) diagnosed with KD.
  • Comparison of clinical data between patients with and without coronary aneurysms.
  • Multivariable analysis to determine independent risk factors for CA development.

Main Results:

  • 96 out of 381 infants with KD developed CA.
  • Risk factors for CA included male sex (aOR=1.982), prolonged fever, delayed initial IVIG treatment, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP).
  • Regression rates for small, medium, and giant aneurysms were 86.7%, 76.2%, and 33.3%, respectively, with regression times varying by size.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with KD have a notable incidence of CA, influenced by male sex, fever duration, IVIG timing, and CRP levels.
  • The size of the coronary aneurysm dictates its regression rate and time, with giant aneurysms showing slower regression compared to smaller ones.
Abstract

Keywords:
Kawasaki diseasecoronary aneurysminfantsregressionrisk factors

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