Magnetic resonance imaging in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a structured guide for trainees

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to its superior ability to visualise soft tissue and complex anatomical structures without ionising radiation. This narrative review, conducted using a structured literature search following PRISMA guidelines, aims to provide oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees with a structured guide for understanding and interpreting MRI of the head and neck region. Emphasis is placed on enhancing the ability to read common MRI sequences, particularly T1- and T2-weighted images, and on appreciating the value of MRI in diagnosing a range of conditions, including soft tissue lesions, temporomandibular joint disorders, vascular abnormalities, and tumours. To support learning, a selection of case examples is included to illustrate both normal structures and pathological changes. The review also draws attention to the current lack of formal MRI education in oral and maxillofacial surgery training and stresses the need for more organised, interdisciplinary teaching approaches.