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Ultrastable Polypyrrole Stabilized by Hyper-Cross-Linked Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) for Long-Cycle

Petr Šálek1, Manoj Karakoti1, Sonal Gupta1

  • 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials
|November 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new composite material for supercapacitor electrodes. This polypyrrole (PPy) and hyper-cross-linked poly-(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (HPStDVB) composite shows excellent stability and durability over 20,000 cycles.

Keywords:
compositeelectrochemical stabilityhyper-cross-linked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)polypyrrolesupercapacitor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polypyrrole (PPy) is a conducting polymer with potential for supercapacitor electrodes.
  • PPy's structural degradation during cycling limits its long-term stability.
  • Developing stable electrode materials is crucial for high-performance supercapacitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a mechanically reinforced composite for durable supercapacitor electrodes.
  • To improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of polypyrrole.
  • To explore the use of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene as a scaffold for polypyrrole.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a composite of polypyrrole (PPy) chemically stabilized by hyper-cross-linked poly-(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (HPStDVB) microparticles.
  • Utilized the HPStDVB microparticles as a scaffold for PPy.
  • Characterized the electrochemical properties and cycling stability of the PPy/HPStDVB composite electrode.

Main Results:

  • The PPy/HPStDVB composite exhibited a more compact structure, preserving PPy conjugation.
  • The electrode maintained capacitance over 20,000 charge-discharge cycles, showing remarkable electrochemical durability.
  • A dominant capacitive contribution (77.3%) was observed in the hybrid supercapacitor cell.

Conclusions:

  • The interactions between the HPStDVB backbone and PPy result in a more stable structure.
  • This strategy provides a simple and efficient method for creating mechanically reinforced conducting-polymer electrodes.
  • The PPy/HPStDVB composite offers a new pathway toward durable, high-performance supercapacitors.