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Updated: Jan 10, 2026
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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
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[Familial hemifacial spasm]
Z A Zalyalova1,2, D M Khasanova2,1, A A Rogozhin3,4
1Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|November 20, 2025
Summary
Familial hemifacial spasm (HFS) occurred in three generations, suggesting a hereditary component. Neurovascular conflict was not always present, indicating other potential causes for this hyperkinetic disorder.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Genetics
Background:
- Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder.
- It is often linked to neurovascular conflict (NVC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a clinical case of familial HFS across three generations.
- To explore potential hereditary predispositions and etiological factors in HFS.
Main Methods:
- Clinical case presentation of three affected females from successive generations.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assess for neurovascular conflict.
- Electroneuromyography (ENMG) to evaluate nerve function and reflexes.
Main Results:
- Onset in patients ranged from 25-28 years, with two cases linked to childbirth.
- NVC was identified in only one patient via MRI; findings were inconclusive in others.
- ENMG revealed demyelination in one patient and hyperactivity of the blinking reflex in another, suggesting ephaptic transmission.
Conclusions:
- Familial HFS suggests a possible hereditary predisposition.
- Etiology may involve genetic factors and posterior fossa anatomical features.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of familial HFS.
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