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Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Traumatic injuries in polo players.

Gie Ken-Dror¹, Victor Chua², Pankaj Sharma^1,2,3,4

¹Institute of Cardiovascular Research Royal Holloway, University of London (ICR2UL), United Kingdom.

Postgraduate Medical Journal

|November 20, 2025

Summary

Traumatic eye injuries are the most common reason for hospital treatment in polo players, often caused by the ball, stick, or horse. The study recommends mandatory eye protection, such as sports glasses or goggles, for all players.

Keywords:

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Area of Science:

Sports medicine
Traumatology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Polo is a high-risk equestrian sport with potential for serious traumatic injuries, particularly to the head.
Current safety regulations mandate helmet use for polo players to mitigate head injury risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence and patterns of traumatic injuries among polo players in England.
To identify the most common injury sites and causes requiring hospital treatment in this population.

Main Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using accident reports from 26 English polo clubs between 2018 and 2024.
Data collected included injury location, cause, and the need for hospital treatment for 236 injured polo players.

Main Results:

Limb injuries were most frequent (47.9%), followed by face/head injuries (38.6%).
Eye injuries were the leading cause for hospital treatment (45.5%), often resulting from the ball, stick, or horse contact.
Horse-related incidents significantly contributed to eye injuries requiring hospitalization.

Conclusions:

Traumatic eye injuries represent a critical and common reason for hospital admission in polo, despite existing helmet mandates.
The study advocates for mandatory eye protection, including sports glasses, goggles, or face guards, for all polo players.
Implementing compulsory eye protection could significantly reduce the incidence and severity of eye injuries in the sport.