Biomedical applications of metallic nanoparticles and their green synthesis

The maim goal of modern medicine is early and accurate disease diagnosis and effective treatment with minimal side effects. Nanotechnology offers great potential in this area. Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties – biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects - due to their size, chemical composition, and large surface to mass ratio. Metal nanoparticles are used in diagnostics to improve imaging precision and in therapy to enhance drug delivery and control their release. These properties can be tailored during synthesis for specific applications. A promising approach is green synthesis, which uses plant-derived metabolites and enzymes as natural bioreductants and stabilizers. This method produces biocompatible nanoparticles with functional surface coatings suitable for medical use. The article discusses the key properties of nanoparticles that make them valuable in medicine, outlines selected diagnostic ant therapeutic applications of metallic nanomaterial, and highlights the role of plants in the controlled, eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles for medical and pharmaceutical purposes.