KLF1 (Krüppel-like factor 1) as a key regulator of erythroid gene expression

KLF1 (Krüppel-like factor 1) is an essential transcription factor involved in almost all stages of erythropoiesis. KLF1 promotes the transition of myeloid progenitor cells towards the erythroid lineage, while inhibiting the megakaryopoietic pathway. Its expression is tissue-specific and limited to hematopoietic organs. It begins in the yolk sac, then in the liver and in bone marrow. KLF1 plays a role as a global regulator of erythrocyte development. It regulates many processes, including globin synthesis, heme, iron acquisition, red blood cell membrane antigens expression. KLF1 is composed of two domains: an N-terminal transactivation domain and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. KLF1 is the first known transcription factor from the Kruppel-like Factor family, which currently includes 17 members. Their characteristic feature is C2H2 zinc finger motifs interacting with DNA. In addition to erythropoiesis, KLF factors play a key role in regulating gene expression of various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.