Redefining acne treatment: emerging role of probiotics in dermatology

Acne is a common dermatological condition that requires novel therapeutic strategies. Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits, have emerged as a promising option for acne management. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of probiotics, focusing on their ability to modulate the skin microbiota, reduce inflammation, and influence the skin-gut axis. Both oral and topical probiotic applications have shown potential-oral formulations primarily act through gut-skin immune modulation, whereas topical preparations directly target the cutaneous microbiota and local inflammation. Certain strains demonstrate antimicrobial activity against acne-associated bacteria, offering a targeted approach. Their use alongside conventional therapies and the development of topical formulations further expand treatment possibilities. As a personalized and well-tolerated intervention, probiotics have the potential to improve acne outcomes and enhance patients' quality of life. However, clinical evidence is limited by the scarcity of large randomized controlled trials, and further studies are needed to confirm efficacy and optimize treatment protocols. Future research should prioritize strain-specific recommendations, dosage optimization, and integration with precision dermatology.