Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

1.0K
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
1.0K
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

708
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
708
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.2K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.2K
Gestalt Psychology01:14

Gestalt Psychology

1.4K
Gestalt psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, emphasizes the importance of understanding perception as an organized whole. Developed as a counter to Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, this approach posits that our perceptions are more than just the sum of sensory parts; they are comprehensive wholes where the relationships between parts define the perception. The principle "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" encapsulates this view,...
1.4K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

609
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
609
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.8K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metastatic progression and treatment challenges in EBV-associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: a case report.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

Triclustering Model for Three-Dimensional Time-Series Gene Expression Data.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Environmental DNA analysis reveals diverse impacts of organic factors on community stability in aquatic ecosystems.

Journal of environmental sciences (China)·2026
Same author

Co-CoSe<sub>2</sub> heterostructure material loaded on nitrogen rich porous carbon as a highly efficient sulfur reduction promoter used for lithium‑sulfur batteries separator.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Flood regime and dam operation jointly determine cyanobacterial dynamics in deep oligotrophic-mesotrophic reservoirs.

Water research·2026
Same author

BB-PIP-U<sup>2</sup>Net: a physics-constrained optimization framework for robust multibaseline InSAR phase unwrapping.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

LivingAvatars: Robust Head Reconstruction With Gaussian Lifecycle Management and Neural Detail Synthesis.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

Two-phase Impulse Fluid on Particle Flow Map.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

FGO-SLAM++: Real-time Geometry-Aware Gaussian SLAM with Continuous Opacity Field.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

Blue Noise Dithering for Reservoir-based Spatio-temporal Importance Resampling.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

ROS-GS: Relightable Outdoor Scenes With Gaussian Splatting.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

MesoSplats: Texture Synthesis with Gaussian Splatting.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
05:58

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

Published on: August 29, 2018

9.3K

Characterizing Visualization Perception with Psychological Phenomena: Uncovering the Role of Subitizing in Data

Arran Zeyu Wang, Ghulam Jilani Quadri, Mengyuan Zhu

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |November 20, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    People can quickly recognize fewer than six categories in data visualizations, demonstrating the subitizing phenomenon. Performance declines as category numbers increase, impacting tasks and design choices.

    More Related Videos

    Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions
    07:09

    Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions

    Published on: May 2, 2019

    6.5K
    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
    13:00

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    10.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

    Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
    05:58

    Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

    Published on: August 29, 2018

    9.3K
    Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions
    07:09

    Integrating Visual Psychophysical Assays within a Y-Maze to Isolate the Role that Visual Features Play in Navigational Decisions

    Published on: May 2, 2019

    6.5K
    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
    13:00

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    10.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Information Visualization
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Effective data visualization design relies on understanding user perception.
    • Existing design heuristics often lack empirical validation across diverse conditions.
    • The subitizing phenomenon, or rapid object recognition without counting, is a key aspect of visual perception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To empirically assess design heuristics for categorical data visualization.
    • To investigate the influence of the subitizing phenomenon on visualization perception.
    • To bridge the gap between heuristic guidelines and psychological principles in visualization design.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted three experiments using multi-class scatterplots with 2 to 15 classes.
    • Varied design choices and evaluated performance across class estimation, correlation comparison, and clustering judgment tasks.
    • Applied principles of cognitive psychology, specifically the subitizing phenomenon, to analyze results.

    Main Results:

    • User performance remained high for visualizations with fewer than six categories, supporting the subitizing effect.
    • Performance significantly decreased as the number of categories increased beyond six.
    • The impact of increased category numbers varied based on the specific task and visual encoding used.

    Conclusions:

    • Provides empirical evidence for the subitizing phenomenon in the context of data visualization.
    • Suggests that visualization design heuristics should consider cognitive limitations related to set size.
    • Highlights the potential for leveraging psychological theories to inform and validate visualization design principles.