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Risk factors and co-occurring patterns of low birth weight in Bangladesh: Insights from logistic regression and

Md A Salam1, Md Merajul Islam2, Md Rezaul Karim1

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

PLOS Global Public Health
|November 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) in Bangladesh is influenced by factors like division, wealth, and breastfeeding. Combining logistic regression and association rule mining reveals key individual and interacting risks for targeted interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Maternal and Child Health

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a critical public health issue in South Asia, particularly Bangladesh, driving neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the complex interplay of risk factors is essential for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify individual risk factors associated with LBW in Bangladesh.
  • To explore co-occurring patterns among LBW risk factors using association rule mining.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2022 data, comprising 1,435 participants.
  • Employed logistic regression (LR) to determine individual risk factors.
  • Applied association rule mining (ARM) to uncover patterns and interactions among risk factors.

Main Results:

  • LR identified division, twin status, wealth index, place of delivery, breastfeeding duration, and birth order as significant individual risk factors for LBW.
  • ARM highlighted specific high-risk combinations: Dhaka division (multiple births, private delivery), Sylhet (2nd born, low wealth, no breastfeeding), and Chittagong (single birth, no breastfeeding, home delivery, low wealth).
  • Low wealth and lack of breastfeeding emerged as consistent co-occurring patterns across divisions, indicating combined socioeconomic and postnatal vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The combined approach of LR and ARM offers a nuanced understanding of LBW determinants in Bangladesh.
  • Findings support the development of targeted public health interventions to reduce LBW prevalence and neonatal mortality, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 3.

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