Portable and in situ rapid detection of benzo[a]pyrene: a review

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutant, is widely present in water, atmosphere, soil, as well as smoked, baked, and fried foods. It exhibits carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of portable and in situ detection technologies for BaP, focusing on its sources and hazards, the recognition elements and detection principles of in situ and portable detection technologies, and the pretreatment methods and applicable technical strategies for different matrices. Addressing limitations such as insufficient recognition element performance and the lack of real-time monitoring methods for biological samples, this paper proposes development directions, including the development of new high-affinity recognition elements and the integration of multiple technologies. The paper provides a theoretical reference for developing portable and user-friendly BaP detection technologies. This will improve prevention and control systems for environmental pollutants and ensure food safety and public health.