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Why do adolescents hurt themselves? A qualitative study.

Xin Wang1, Yan-Hong Zhang2, Jing-Wen Ju1

  • 1Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China.

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|November 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents with mood disorders use non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) to manage emotions and social difficulties. Understanding cultural benefits and barriers is key for effective nursing interventions.

Keywords:
AdolescentCultureEmotional regulationMood disordersParent–child relationsQualitative researchSelf-injurious behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Adolescent Health
  • Mental Health Nursing

Background:

  • Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescents with mood disorders, posing risks to health and family well-being.
  • Psychiatric nurses face challenges and burnout caring for these adolescents.
  • Limited understanding of NSSI's socio-cultural influences hinders effective nursing interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the motivations, barriers, and cultural factors influencing NSSI in Chinese adolescents with mood disorders.
  • Applied the Benefits and Barriers Model to understand NSSI dynamics within a specific cultural context.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory qualitative design utilizing semi-structured interviews.
  • Recruited 18 adolescents with mood disorders and NSSI experience from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in China.
  • Employed reflexive thematic analysis for data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Perceived benefits of NSSI include emotional release, stress reduction, and escaping interpersonal issues.
  • Barriers involve internal psychological resources, external support, and social norm awareness.
  • Contextual factors include emotional state, parent-child relationships, social adaptation, and online community involvement.

Conclusions:

  • NSSI in this population is a dynamic adaptation influenced by benefits, barriers, and cultural context.
  • Culturally sensitive nursing interventions should focus on emotional regulation, trust, and support systems.
  • A holistic approach addressing individual, familial, and societal levels is crucial for mitigating NSSI risk.