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Rabbit conformational predispositions to ear abnormalities: Field study of a pedigree population.

Maria A Jackson1, Michaela Betts1, Joanna Hedley2

  • 1Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|November 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lop-eared rabbits show significantly higher risks for ear abnormalities like otitis externa. Breeders and veterinarians should monitor these rabbits closely for early signs of ear disease.

Keywords:
Animal welfareAuralConformationOryctolagus cuniculusRisk factorsSelective breeding

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Previous retrospective studies linked lop-eared conformation to rabbit ear disease in clinical settings.
  • Direct observation of conformation and ear health in a field study was needed to clarify risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate conformational and signalment risk factors for ear abnormalities in pedigree rabbits.
  • To assess the association between ear conformation (lop vs. erect) and specific ear health issues.

Main Methods:

  • A field study involving direct otoscopic examination of 435 pedigree rabbits at shows and studs.
  • Risk factor analysis using linear and binary logistic modeling.
  • Assessment of inter-observer reliability for recorded variables.

Main Results:

  • Lop-eared rabbits exhibited increased scores and odds for 9 out of 11 ear abnormalities compared to erect-eared rabbits.
  • Specific abnormalities in lop-eared rabbits included abnormal ear canal color, stenosis, aural discharge, and reactivity.
  • Brachycephalic rabbits showed higher scores for ear canal stenosis, while dolichocephalic rabbits had higher odds of diverticulum crusts.

Conclusions:

  • Lop-eared rabbits are significantly predisposed to ear abnormalities, particularly those indicative of otitis externa.
  • Brachycephaly appears less critical in the etiology of otitis externa than previously considered.
  • Vigilance for ear disease signs is crucial for rabbit breeders, owners, and veterinarians, especially in lop-eared breeds.