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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Uniportal Full Endoscopic Posterolateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
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Awake Surgery for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

Daivik B Vyas1, Thomas Wozny1, Michael Y Wang1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NorthWest 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|November 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Awake spine surgery, using non-general anesthesia for decompression and fusion, offers lower complication rates and faster recovery. This minimally invasive approach achieves surgical goals effectively with enhanced patient outcomes.

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Agreement and reliability analysis of sarcopenia measures based on muscle function, body composition, and imaging in spinal deformity patients.

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine·2026
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Comparing those Most Satisfied Versus Least Satisfied Following Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Are there Differences in Baseline Characteristics?

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Post-Operative Coronal Malalignment is Associated with Delayed Deterioration Following Minimally Invasive Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity.

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Determinants of cost-effectiveness in minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity correction.

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BIS-Guided Sedation Protocol for Awake Endoscopic Lumbar Surgery: Balancing Airway Safety and Neural Feedback Without General Anesthesia.

Clinical spine surgery·2026
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Predictors of long-term myelopathy relief in patients with moderate to severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy following surgery: a Spine CORe™ analysis of QOD data.

Neurosurgical focus·2026

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) aims for better outcomes with less morbidity.
  • Awake spine surgery is an evolving technique using non-general anesthesia.
  • Patient selection and recovery protocols are key for successful awake surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of awake spine surgery.
  • To compare awake surgery outcomes with traditional open and MIS approaches.
  • To highlight the benefits of awake techniques in spinal decompression and fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on awake spine surgery for decompression and fusion.
  • Analysis of patient selection criteria and enhanced recovery protocols.
Keywords:
AnesthesiaAwake surgeryERASEndoscopyMISPatient selectionSpondylolisthesisTLIF

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  • Comparison of complication rates, recovery times, and functional outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Awake spine surgery demonstrates lower complication profiles compared to traditional methods.
    • Patients undergoing awake surgery experience improved and accelerated recovery times.
    • The technique achieves comparable surgical results to open and MIS procedures.

    Conclusions:

    • Awake spine surgery is a safe and effective alternative for select spinal interventions.
    • Enhanced recovery protocols and careful patient selection optimize outcomes.
    • This approach represents a significant advancement in spine surgery, improving patient experience and results.