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Primary thyroid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: fine needle aspiration and histological correlation.
Woo Sung Moon1, Yong Tae Hong2, Ae Ri Ahn1
1Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Korea.
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
|November 20, 2025
Summary
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), a rare thyroid cancer, was diagnosed in a patient with a rapidly growing neck mass. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Hematology
Background:
- Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy, accounting for 2%-8% of all thyroid cancers.
- Distinguishing PTL from other thyroid cancers, like anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, can be clinically challenging due to rapid growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a challenging case of primary thyroid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
- To highlight the diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology in PTL.
- To review the clinical and cytopathological features of PTL.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 59-year-old female with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.
- Clinical assessment, focusing on differentiation from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
- Pathological examination and fine-needle aspiration cytology for definitive diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Pathological examination confirmed primary thyroid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
- Fine-needle aspiration cytology was instrumental in avoiding unnecessary surgery.
- The diagnosis guided appropriate treatment initiation.
Conclusions:
- Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a valuable tool in diagnosing PTL, especially in cases with rapid enlargement.
- Accurate cytopathological diagnosis of PTL can prevent misdiagnosis and guide timely, appropriate management.
- Understanding PTL's clinical and cytopathological features is essential for effective patient care.
