A mixed-methods study on awareness of sexual and reproductive rights among women in Chandigarh, India

Sexual and reproductive rights (SRRs) include the ability to make informed choices about family planning and reproductive health, free from discrimination, coercion, or violence. This study aimed to assess awareness and identify factors influencing perceptions of reproductive rights among women aged 15-35 years in Chandigarh.

A concurrent mixed-method study was conducted among 116 women in Chandigarh using a pretested, semi-structured tool for quantitative analysis. A grounded theory approach was used to explore perceptions among 37 women through six focus group discussions (FGD), guided by a pretested FGD guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Trial Version 26.0, while thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted manually. Data integration was performed at the interpretation stage.

Urban residents had significantly higher awareness of SRRs and legal abortion rights [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.5-17.5; AOR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.28-9.55]. Unmarried women were more aware of abortion rights (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.83-11.06). Higher education was associated with greater awareness of family planning (AOR = 16.06, 95% CI = 2.8-91.6). Individual factors included differing priorities, hesitancy to discuss, and fear of abortion and contraceptive side effects. Family-related factors involved decision-making roles (in-laws and husbands). Societal factors included low autonomy and religious beliefs. The stigma surrounding reproductive health and sex education hindered women from exercising their rights.

Significant gaps exist in SRR awareness, particularly among married, less educated, and slum-dwelling women. Family control, religious beliefs, and stigma hinder reproductive autonomy.