Emerging Trends in Asymmetric Triazole Synthesis: from Click Chemistry to Biocatalysis

Area of Science:

• Heterocyclic Chemistry
• Organic Synthesis
• Materials Science

Background:

• Triazoles (Pyrrolidazoles) are five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds with three nitrogen atoms.
• They exist as 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole isomers.
• Triazole moieties are crucial in OLEDs, data storage, organic photovoltaics, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements (2020-2025) in the asymmetric synthesis of triazole scaffolds.
• To highlight key methodologies, including copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition and biocatalytic strategies.
• To discuss the synthetic utility and versatility of these protocols for developing novel compounds.

Main Methods:

• Focus on asymmetric synthesis of triazole scaffolds.
• Exploration of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition.
• Investigation of biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic approaches.

Main Results:

• Development of innovative chiral ligands with transition metals (Ni, Rh, Ir) for efficient and selective catalysis.
• Demonstration of broad substrate scopes and reaction scalability for synthetic protocols.
• Feasibility of sustainable and stereoselective synthesis of triazole-based antifungal agents.

Conclusions:

• Recent synthetic methodologies offer efficient and selective routes to chiral triazole scaffolds.
• Biocatalytic approaches enable sustainable synthesis of valuable triazole-based compounds.
• This review aids researchers and industrial scientists in developing new methodologies and designing bioactive heterocyclic compounds.