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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cross-cultural Psychology
  • Nonverbal Communication

Background:

  • The ingroup advantage suggests emotions are better recognized between individuals of the same cultural background.
  • This phenomenon is well-documented for posed facial expressions but unclear for spontaneous ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ingroup advantage in cross-cultural emotion recognition using both posed and spontaneous facial expressions.
  • To examine cultural influences on emotion perception and expression.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-registered, balanced design study involving 762 Dutch and 738 Chinese perceivers.
  • Participants judged emotions from dynamic posed and spontaneous facial expressions from Dutch and Chinese expressors.
  • A forced-choice emotion recognition task was employed.

Main Results:

  • No mutual ingroup advantage was observed.
  • A significant Decoder effect was found: Dutch perceivers outperformed Chinese perceivers in recognizing both Dutch and Chinese expressions.
  • A significant Encoder effect was found: Chinese expressions were more accurately recognized than Dutch expressions by both Dutch and Chinese perceivers.

Conclusions:

  • The ingroup advantage may not be as robust as previously thought, especially with spontaneous expressions.
  • Findings highlight the importance of ecologically valid stimuli in nonverbal emotional communication research.
  • Cultural factors influence emotion recognition, with both perceiver (decoder) and expressor (encoder) cultural backgrounds playing a role.