The Impact of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on Bacterial Resistance

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, exacerbated by antibiotic overuse.
• Bacterial endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is increasingly recognized as a key factor in mediating bacterial resistance.
• Traditional therapies are becoming less effective, necessitating novel approaches to combat infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological functions of bacterial endogenous H2S and its impact on AMR.
• To explore the mechanisms by which H2S contributes to bacterial survival and resistance.
• To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting H2S metabolism for combating AMR.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on bacterial H2S production and its role in resistance.
• Analysis of H2S-mediated mechanisms, including ROS neutralization and biofilm formation.
• Exploration of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on H2S modulation.

Main Results:

• Bacterial H2S enhances resistance by neutralizing antibiotic-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage.
• H2S promotes biofilm formation, hindering antibiotic penetration and facilitating resistance gene exchange.
• H2S-based assays show potential for improving AMR diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Understanding H2S mechanisms is crucial for developing advanced diagnostic tools and innovative therapies against AMR.
• Targeting H2S metabolism, through inhibitors or H2S clearance, may reverse antibiotic resistance.
• Clinical translation of H2S-targeting strategies holds significant value for combating AMR and guiding antibiotic sensitizer development.