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TS-1 inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling

Ya'nan Si1, Deyan Wang2, Zhongxiu Li1

  • 1Department of Gynecology I, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China.

American Journal of Translational Research
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

TS-1 effectively inhibits endometrial cancer (EC) cell progression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to reduced proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis. This suggests TS-1 as a potential therapeutic agent for EC.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • TS-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine-based antitumor agent used for various cancers.
  • Endometrial cancer (EC) progression requires investigation into novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding TS-1's molecular mechanisms in EC is crucial for its potential application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of TS-1 on endometrial cancer (EC) cell progression.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of TS-1 action in EC cells.
  • To evaluate TS-1 as a potential therapeutic agent for EC.

Main Methods:

  • EC cell lines (HEC-1-A and Ishikawa) were treated with varying doses of TS-1.
  • Assessed cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis.
  • Analyzed expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components.
  • Conducted rescue experiments using a PI3K activator (740 Y-P).

Main Results:

  • TS-1 significantly inhibited EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis.
  • TS-1 altered the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, indicating an apoptotic effect.
  • TS-1 suppressed the phosphorylation of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
  • PI3K activation reversed the inhibitory effects of TS-1, confirming pathway involvement.

Conclusions:

  • TS-1 suppresses EC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
  • TS-1 promotes apoptosis in EC cells through modulation of this pathway.
  • TS-1 demonstrates potential as a promising therapeutic agent for endometrial cancer.
Keywords:
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathwayTS-1apoptosisendometrial cancerproliferation

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