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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Published on: October 14, 2021
Titration Dynamics and Early Treatment Burden in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Multicenter Comparison of CSFLI and
Beatrice Pinna1, Giuseppe Fenu1, Paolo Mellino1
1SC Neurologia e Stroke Unit, AO G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy.
Background:
Continuous subcutaneous infusion of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (CSFLI) and intrajejunal levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) are established options for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Real-world data on early titration and management are limited.
Objectives:
To compare clinical course, safety, and practical implications of titration with CSFLI versus LCIG.
Methods:
In this retrospective study across nine Italian centers using uniform titration protocols, we analyzed 103 patients treated with CSFLI and 129 with LCIG. Clinical outcomes, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), follow-up needs, and adverse events were evaluated over 3 months.
Results:
Both therapies improved motor symptoms and quality of life. CSFLI required more frequent follow-up visits and larger LEDD increases to reach optimization, with common but generally mild local reactions. LCIG showed fewer titration demands, with occasional peristomal issues.
Conclusions:
While equally effective, CSFLI requires closer supervision during early management. Recognizing these practical differences can guide therapy selection and service planning in advanced PD.
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