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Cilnidipine Cubosomal Nanogel Patch: Polymer-Nanostructure Synergy for Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery
Cleona Elizabeth Mary DCruz1, Lalit Kumar2, Liesl Maria Fernandes E Mendonça3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, 18th June Road, Panaji, Goa, 403001, India.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg'S Archives of Pharmacology
|November 21, 2025
Summary
This study developed cilnidipine cubosomal nanogel patches for transdermal delivery, significantly enhancing drug permeation and release. The innovative patches offer a safe and effective approach for treating hypertension via the skin.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanotechnology
- Drug Delivery Systems
Background:
- Poor solubility and bioavailability of antihypertensive drugs necessitate advanced delivery systems.
- Cubosomes, lipid-based nanostructured particles, offer improved drug solubility and skin permeability.
- Transdermal drug delivery systems provide a non-invasive alternative for systemic drug administration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate cilnidipine cubosomal nanogel patches (CLD CB NGP) for enhanced transdermal drug delivery.
- To optimize CLD-loaded cubosomes using a Box-Behnken design for improved drug loading and stability.
- To assess the in vitro and ex vivo performance of the nanogel patches for sustained drug release and skin permeation.
Main Methods:
- CLD-loaded cubosomes prepared via a top-down approach and optimized using Box-Behnken design.
- Characterization of cubosomes for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential, and morphology.
- Formulation of nanogel patches using hydrophilic polymers and evaluation of physical, mechanical, and drug release properties.
- Ex vivo skin permeation studies using excised rat skin and safety assessment through skin irritancy tests.
Main Results:
- Optimized CLD cubosomes exhibited polyangular nanoparticles (430 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (80.8%) and good colloidal stability.
- Drug amorphization within cubosomes confirmed by FTIR, DSC, and XRD.
- CLD CB NGP demonstrated porous surface, good swelling, excellent bioadhesiveness, and significantly enhanced in vitro release and ex vivo skin permeation (3.62-fold increase).
- Higher steady-state flux (Jss = 0.377 mg/cm²/h) observed for CLD CB NGP compared to controls (Jss = 0.104 mg/cm²/h).
- Skin irritancy studies and histology confirmed the safety and non-irritant nature of the patches.
Conclusions:
- Cilnidipine cubosomal nanogel patches represent an innovative approach for transdermal drug delivery.
- The developed system enhances drug permeability, therapeutic efficacy, and provides sustained release.
- Cubosomes integrated into nanogel patches offer a promising strategy for overcoming limitations of poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs.
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