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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
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Using Tactile Charts to Support Comprehension and Learning of Complex Visualizations for Blind and Low-Vision

Tingying He, Maggie McCracken, Daniel Hajas

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |November 21, 2025
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    Summary

    Tactile charts help blind and low-vision individuals understand complex data visualizations by supporting mental model development. These tactile designs are a preferred learning method for improving chart comprehension and data interpretation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Data Visualization Accessibility
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Assistive Technology

    Background:

    • Visualizations are crucial for data interpretation, but blind and low-vision (BLV) individuals face challenges accessing them.
    • Existing assistive technologies, like alternative texts, have limitations in conveying complex visual information.
    • Building mental models of chart types is essential for understanding visualizations, a process difficult for BLV individuals without direct visual access.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effectiveness of tactile charts in supporting comprehension and learning of complex data visualizations for BLV individuals.
    • To introduce novel tactile chart designs for advanced visualization types.
    • To evaluate the impact of tactile templates on mental model development and understanding of novel datasets.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed four 3D-printed tactile template charts for complex visualization types (UpSet plots, violin plots, clustered heatmaps, faceted line charts).
    • Developed exploration instructions to guide users through the tactile charts.
    • Conducted an interview study with 12 BLV participants comparing tactile template use with traditional alt-text methods.

    Main Results:

    • Thematic analysis indicated that tactile models significantly support understanding of chart types.
    • BLV participants preferred tactile models as a learning method for data visualizations.
    • Tactile chart use positively influenced the understanding of novel datasets presented via alt texts.

    Conclusions:

    • Tactile charts are a promising assistive tool for enhancing data visualization accessibility for BLV individuals.
    • The developed tactile chart designs and methodology offer a pathway for creating more inclusive scientific communication.
    • Further research into tactile chart design and implementation in BLV education is warranted.