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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Multiphoton Spectroscopy of a Dynamical Axion Insulator.

Olivia Liebman¹, Jonathan B Curtis¹, Ioannis Petrides¹

¹University of California, College of Letters and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|November 21, 2025

Summary

We propose an all-optical method to detect axion quasiparticles in topological insulators. This technique uses pump-probe spectroscopy to observe axion field dynamics, aiding in identifying new quantum matter phases.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Materials
Topological Insulators

Background:

Magnetoelectric transport in Weyl semimetals and 3D topological insulators is linked to axion fields.
Correlations can lead to emergent axion quasiparticles, exhibiting nonlinear coupling to electromagnetic fields.
Identifying these collective axion modes is challenging due to their nonlinear dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an all-optical protocol for verifying and characterizing axion field dynamics.
To investigate the transient behavior of axion fields in 3D insulator systems.
To provide a method for identifying emergent axion quasiparticles.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a pump-probe spectroscopy setup.
Employing nonlinear Raman processes to induce axion field oscillations.
Measuring material polarization and magnetization changes.

Main Results:

Nonlinear Raman processes drive dynamical axion field oscillations dependent on electromagnetic field geometry.
These oscillations are observable through changes in material polarization and magnetization.
The proposed protocol enables detection via time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy.

Conclusions:

The study presents a viable all-optical method for detecting axion quasiparticles.
This technique facilitates the characterization of axion field dynamics in quantum materials.
Opens avenues for identifying novel correlated phases using multiphoton and quantum pair spectroscopies.