Artificial intelligence for health security in Africa: Benefits, risks and opportunities

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides paradigm-shifting opportunities to accelerate epidemic preparedness and response and ensure health security. Such benefits may be particularly applicable to countries in Africa, which have to date struggled to meet compliance obligations under international health security frameworks. Here, we build on discussions that took place at the March 2024 Health Security Partnership for Africa workshop in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to describe potential applications of AI-enabled approaches to accelerate activities throughout the preparedness ecosystem, with a particular focus on the rapid development and deployment of novel vaccines in support of the 100 Days Mission, focusing on Africa. We also consider the risks and barriers that may challenge successful deployment of AI for health security in African settings, and opportunities to elevate African leadership on governance and implementation.