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Genome architecture evolution in an invasive copepod species complex.

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Chromosomal fusions in copepods link ion transport genes, aiding adaptation to diverse salinities. These fusions, particularly in invasive species, show strong selection signatures, revealing genome evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Chromosomal fusions are proposed drivers of adaptation, but empirical support is limited.
  • The Eurytemora affinis species complex rapidly colonizes new environments, exhibiting salinity tolerance.
  • Ion transport genes are crucial for adapting to varying salinity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chromosomal fusions in the adaptive evolution of the Eurytemora affinis species complex.
  • To analyze genome-level changes associated with adaptation to different salinities.
  • To identify genomic signatures of selection in relation to habitat.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of chromosome-level genome sequences from three Eurytemora affinis sibling species.
  • Identification and characterization of chromosomal fusions and their impact on gene organization.
  • Genomic scans for signatures of selection in populations from different salinity environments.

Main Results:

  • Chromosomal fusions were identified in two sibling species, joining functionally linked ion transport genes near centromeres.
  • Genomes show expansions in ion transport gene families, correlating with salinity adaptation.
  • Fusion sites, especially centromeres, in invasive species (E. carolleeae, E. gulfia) exhibit significant selection signatures between saline and freshwater populations.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosomal fusions contribute to adaptive evolution by repositioning key genes, facilitating rapid adaptation to environmental change.
  • Genome architecture evolution, driven by chromosomal fusions, plays a critical role in the ecological success and invasiveness of copepod species.
  • This study provides empirical evidence linking chromosomal rearrangements to adaptive evolution in response to environmental heterogeneity.