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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Morphological analysis of ankle joint space width.

Rong Liao1, Jian Yu2, Xuelian Gu3

  • 1School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 334 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study created a statistical shape model of the ankle joint in healthy males. The model reveals key variations in joint space width, aiding in ankle disease diagnosis and prosthesis design.

Keywords:
Ankle jointJoint space and congruencyMorphologyRegression analysisStatistical shape model

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding ankle joint morphology is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions like arthritis.
  • Existing models often lack comprehensive representation of the entire ankle complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a statistical shape model (SSM) of the complete ankle joint in healthy Chinese males.
  • To analyze the variation patterns of ankle joint space width (JSW).

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans of 108 asymptomatic ankle joints were used.
  • A statistical shape model was built using principal component analysis.
  • Spatial mapping and least-squares regression evaluated anatomical variations.

Main Results:

  • The SSM met validation criteria for accuracy, compactness, generalization, and specificity.
  • The first principal component accounted for over 22% of the variance in ankle morphology.
  • Ankle JSW varied significantly, with specific ranges identified for tibiotalar, talofibular, and talocalcaneal joints.

Conclusions:

  • The SSM provides a robust representation of healthy ankle joint anatomy and its variations.
  • Findings support early diagnosis and personalized treatment of ankle joint diseases.
  • The model offers valuable morphological data for prosthesis design and biomechanical simulations.