Inverted perovskite solar modules with 99.3% geometrical fill factor via nanosecond single laser patterning.

Area of Science:

• Photovoltaics
• Materials Science
• Laser Processing

Background:

• Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high efficiency but face commercialization hurdles due to scaling issues.
• Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) are typically scaled using series-connected subcells and laser scribing (P1, P2, P3) to minimize interconnection losses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the use of a standard nanosecond pulse UV laser for P1, P2, and P3 scribing in PSMs.
• To reduce the dead area in PSMs by optimizing laser scribing parameters.
• To achieve high geometric fill factors (GFFs) in scaled PSMs.

Main Methods:

• Employed a standard nanosecond pulse UV laser for P1, P2, and P3 scribing.
• Utilized a single 45 µm laser line for each scribe process.
• Fabricated inverted PSMs with active areas of 4.0 cm² and 10.8 cm².

Main Results:

• Achieved exceptionally high GFFs of 99.3% for a 4.0 cm² module and 98.8% for a 10.8 cm² module.
• Demonstrated a significantly reduced dead area.
• Successfully implemented continuous P1-P2-P3 scribing using a single nanosecond laser source.

Conclusions:

• This study presents the first reported use of a single nanosecond laser for continuous P1-P2-P3 scribing in PSMs.
• The optimized scribing technique achieved a minimal dead area of 0.7% in a 4 cm² module.
• The findings pave the way for more efficient and scalable manufacturing of perovskite solar modules.