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Related Concept Videos

Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

13.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
13.4K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

195.7K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
195.7K
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

1.9K
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
1.9K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

136.4K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
136.4K
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

9.2K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
9.2K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

9.6K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
9.6K

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Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
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A Versatile Strategy for Light-Driven Active Transport of Ions.

Sani Yahaya1, Shuntaro Amano1, Federico Nicoli1

  • 1Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), University of Strasbourg & CNRS, UMR 7006 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France.

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Chemists developed a new light-driven active transport system. This robust strategy uses light-controlled membrane permeability and charge complementarity to move charged molecules against concentration gradients.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic chemistry
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Membrane transport

Background:

  • Biological transport systems are crucial for life processes.
  • Synthetic chemists have focused on passive transport, but active transport remains challenging.
  • Light offers precise control for driving active transport without waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general and robust strategy for light-driven active transport of charged cargos.
  • To overcome limitations of existing light-driven transport systems that rely on specific host-guest interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized light-controlled membrane permeability and charge complementarity.
  • Employed positively charged azobenzene derivatives as light-responsive carriers.
  • Coupled photoisomerization to transport across a liquid membrane via a molecular ratchet mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated light-driven active transport of negatively charged cargos by forming ion pairs.
  • Showcased the system's ability to transport various anions simply added as salt.
  • Confirmed functionality in buffered solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Presented a general strategy for light-driven active transport of charged species.
  • The approach leverages charge complementarity and light-controlled membrane permeability.
  • This method shows potential for biomedical applications and smart materials.